Annealing

Heating the workpiece to an appropriate temperature, adopting different holding times according to the material and the size of the workpiece, and then cooling slowly, the purpose is to make the internal structure of the metal reach or approach the equilibrium state, obtain good process performance and use performance, and realize the release of material stress and increase Material ductility and toughness, produce special microstructure, optimize surface brightness and other effects.

Normalizing

After the workpiece is heated to 30-50°C above the critical temperature, it is kept for a period of time and then cooled in still air. The cooling rate of normalizing is faster than that of annealing, and it is often applied to metal materials with lower carbon content and lower hardness.

Quenching

After the workpiece is heated and kept warm, it is rapidly cooled in quenching media such as water, oil or other inorganic salts, organic aqueous solutions, etc., to improve the hardness and strength of metal materials

Tempering

It is a metal heat treatment process that reheats the quenched workpiece to an appropriate temperature below the critical temperature, and then cools it in air or water, oil and other media after a period of heat preservation to increase the toughness of the metal material